以下直接从米国CDC网站贴过来的——
VHFs are caused by viruses of four distinct families: arenaviruses, filoviruses, bunyaviruses, and flaviviruses. Each of these families share a number of features:
They are all RNA viruses, and all are covered, or enveloped, in a fatty (lipid) coating.Their survival is dependent on an animal or insect host, called the natural reservoir.The viruses are geographically restricted to the areas where their host species live.Humans are not the natural reservoir for any of these viruses. Humans are infected when they come into contact with infected hosts. However, with some viruses, after the accidental transmission from the host, humans can transmit the virus to one another.Human cases or outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers caused by these viruses occur sporadically and irregularly. The occurrence of outbreaks cannot be easily predicted.With a few noteworthy exceptions, there is no cure or established drug treatment for VHFs.
In rare cases, other viral and bacterial infections can cause a hemorrhagic fever; scrub typhus is a good example.
这些病毒包括——
以下摘自维基百科：
Five families of RNA viruses have been recognised as being able to cause this syndrome.
The family Arenaviridae include the viruses responsible for Lassa fever, Lujo virus, Argentine, Bolivian,Brazilian and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fevers.The family Bunyaviridae include the members of the Hantavirus genus that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus from the Nairovirus genus, Garissa virus andIlesha virus from the Orthobunyavirus and the Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus from the Phlebovirus genus.The family Filoviridae include Ebola virus and Marburg virus.The family Flaviviridae include dengue, yellow fever, and two viruses in the tick-borne encephalitis group that cause VHF: Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus and Kyasanur Forest disease virus.In September 2012 scientists writing in the journal PLOS Pathogens reported the isolation of a member of theRhabdoviridae responsible for 2 fatal and 2 non-fatal cases of hemorrhagic fever in the Bas-Congo district of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The non-fatal cases occurred in healthcare workers involved in the treatment of the other two, suggesting the possibility of person-to-person transmission.
[1]
This virus appears to be unrelated to previously known Rhabdoviruses.
我国主要流行的是乙型脑炎病毒（Japanese encephalitis），国际上还有西尼罗病毒（West Nile virus），圣·路易斯脑炎病毒（Saint Louis encephalitis），黄热病毒（Yellow fever）和基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya）等。此外，单纯疱疹病毒、肠道病毒（enteroviruses）、柯萨奇病毒（coxsackievirus）、脊髓灰质炎病毒和埃可病毒（echovirus）。还有较不常见的是麻疹、狂犬病、腮腺炎、JC病毒和水痘病毒都能引起脑炎。
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