什么是落地签证？
What is a visa on arrival?
签证是一国政府机关依照本国法律规定，为申请入出境或通过本国领土的外国人颁发的一种许可证明。一般情况下，外国人入境前，除根据互免签证协定等规定外，应当事先向该国驻外使领馆申请签证。但部分国家出于吸引外国游客和投资等目的，允许外国公民在抵达本国国境时，在边境口岸办理签证，这就是通常所说的落地签证（Visa on Arrival简称落地签），也称口岸签证。"
A visa is a type of permit issued by a government authority of a country in accordance with the provisions of its laws for foreigners applying to enter, leave or pass through its territory. Generally, before entering the country, foreigners should apply in advance for a visa from the country's embassy or consulate abroad, except under the provisions of a mutual visa exemption agreement, etc. However, some countries, for purposes such as attracting foreign tourists and investment, allow foreign nationals to apply for a visa at border crossings upon arrival in their own country, which is commonly referred to as a Visa on Arrival (VOA), also known as a port visa."
根据中国领事服务网中的文章我们可以得知，落地签证其实就是口岸签证，只是叫法不同。
According to the article in the Chinese Consular Services website we can learn that a visa on arrival is in fact a visa at the port of entry, just called differently.
我们平常说的落地签多指在外国入境所办的落地签证，落地签证多存在于外国，而目前中国尚未实行普遍意义上的落地签政策，与之类似的是有条件的口岸签证，由各个口岸所在省的出入境管理部门负责受理和签发。凡是与中国建立了外交关系或者有官方商贸往来的国家和地区的居民均可以申请，适用于紧急或者临时的商贸参展、签约、设备安装、技术支持、就医、探望危重病患及人道主义救灾等。通常需要有国内的单位、组织、个人发出邀请并将有关证明资料发给受邀请的外国公民，抵达指定口岸时由外国公民现场申请。也可以将所有材料直接发送给口岸签证部门，审核通过后由邀请单位/个人将签发的口岸签证受理通知单转给外国公民，凭该单和护照可直接申请而无需再出示其他材料。根据外国公民来华目的，口岸签证部门将酌情颁发对应类型的签证、逗留期限及指定出境口岸。
The visa on arrival that we usually refer to is the visa on arrival for entry into a foreign country, which is mostly found in foreign countries. Residents of countries and regions with which China has established diplomatic relations or has official trade and commerce can apply, for urgent or temporary trade exhibitions, contracts, equipment installation, technical support, medical treatment, visits to critically ill patients and humanitarian relief. Usually an invitation is issued by a domestic entity, organisation or individual and the relevant supporting documents are sent to the invited foreign national, who will apply on site upon arrival at the designated port. It is also possible to send all the documents directly to the visa department at the port of entry, and the inviting unit/individual will forward the visa acceptance notice issued at the port of entry to the foreign citizen, and the foreign citizen can apply directly without presenting any other documents with the form and passport. Depending on the purpose of the foreign citizen's visit to China, the visa authority at the port of entry will issue the corresponding type of visa, the duration of stay and the designated port of exit as appropriate.
哪些情况下外国人可以申请口岸签证？
Under what circumstances can a foreigner apply for a visa at the port of entry?
外国人因下列事由可以向口岸签证机关申请签证：
A foreigner may apply for a visa at the port of entry visa authority for the following reasons.
1. 中方临时决定邀请来华参加交易会的；
1. a temporary decision by the Chinese side to invite to China to attend a trade fAIr
2.应邀来华参加投标或者正式签订经贸合同的；
2. coming to China on invitation to participate in a tender or to formally conclude an economic and trade contract
3.按约来华监装出口、进口商检或者参加合同验收的；
3. coming to China to supervise export or import inspection or to participate in contract acceptance as agreed
4.应邀参加设备安装或者工程抢修的；
4. coming to China at the invitation of the Chinese side to participate in the installation of equipment or the repair of works
5.应中方要求来华解决索赔问题的；
5. coming to China at the request of the Chinese side to settle claims
6.应邀来华提供科技咨询的；
6. coming to China at the invitation of the Chinese side to provide scientific and technical advice
7.应邀来华团组团办妥签证后，经中方同意临时增换的；
7. coming to China at the request of the Chinese side to provide scientific and technical advice; 7. coming to China at the request of the Chinese side to provide additional temporary changes after the group has obtained a visa
8.看望危急病人或者处理丧事的；
8. visiting critically ill persons or dealing with funeral matters
9.直接过境人员由于不可抗拒的原因不能在24小时内乘原机离境或者需改乘其他交通工具离境的；
9. when, for reasons of force majeure, a person in direct transit is unable to depart on the original plane within 24 hours or has to change to another means of transport
10.其他被邀请确实来不及在中国驻外机构申请签证，并持有指定的主管部门同意在口岸申办签证的函电的；
10. Other invited persons who are genuinely unable to apply for a visa at a Chinese agency abroad and who have a letter or telegram from the designated competent authority agreeing to apply for a visa at the port of entry.
11.中国国际旅行社和经批准的港澳旅行社组织、接待的旅游团。
11. tours organised or received by China International Travel Service and approved travel agencies in Hong Kong and Macau.
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